Metastrongylidae

Metastrongylidae is a family of nematodes that are primarily known for their role as parasites in various mammalian hosts. The family includes several genera, such as Angiostrongylus, Aelurostrongylus, and Crenosoma, among others. These parasites are typically found in the lungs, blood vessels, and other tissues of their hosts.

Biology and Life Cycle

Members of the Metastrongylidae family have a complex life cycle that involves multiple hosts. The primary host is usually a mammal, where the adult worms live and reproduce. The eggs or larvae are then excreted in the feces of the host. These are ingested by an intermediate host, typically a mollusk such as a snail or slug. The larvae develop further in the intermediate host before being ingested by a definitive host, where they mature into adult worms.

Pathology and Clinical Significance

Infections with Metastrongylidae can lead to a variety of clinical conditions, depending on the species of worm and the host involved. For example, Angiostrongylus cantonensis can cause eosinophilic meningitis in humans, while Aelurostrongylus abstrusus can cause respiratory disease in cats. Diagnosis is typically made through identification of eggs or larvae in fecal samples, or occasionally through identification of adult worms in tissue samples.

Treatment and Control

Treatment of Metastrongylidae infections typically involves the use of anthelmintic drugs to kill the adult worms. In some cases, supportive care may also be needed to manage symptoms. Control measures often involve reducing exposure to intermediate hosts, such as by controlling snail and slug populations, and regular deworming of at-risk animals.