Methods of birth control

Methods of Birth Control encompass a range of techniques, devices, and behaviors used to prevent pregnancy. The choice of method depends on various factors including health conditions, desire for children in the future, and the need to protect against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This article provides an overview of the most common methods of birth control, their effectiveness, and considerations.

Types of Birth Control

Barrier Methods

Barrier methods prevent sperm from reaching the egg. They include:

• Condoms: A barrier device made from latex, polyurethane, or lambskin that is worn on the penis or inserted into the vagina. Condoms also offer protection against STIs.
• Diaphragms: A dome-shaped device inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix and block sperm. Often used with spermicide.
• Cervical Caps: Similar to diaphragms but smaller, they also cover the cervix and are used with spermicide.

Hormonal Methods

Hormonal methods regulate or stop ovulation to prevent pregnancy. They include:

• Oral Contraceptives: Pills taken daily that contain hormones to prevent ovulation.
• Contraceptive Patch: A patch worn on the skin that releases hormones.
• Vaginal Rings: Flexible rings inserted into the vagina releasing hormones.
• Injectable Contraceptives: Hormones injected at regular intervals.

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

IUDs are T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus. They are long-term, reversible, and come in two types:

• Copper IUDs: Utilize copper to prevent sperm from fertilizing the egg.
• Hormonal IUDs: Release hormones to prevent ovulation.

Sterilization

Permanent methods of birth control include:

• Tubal Ligation: Surgical procedure for women that closes the fallopian tubes.
• Vasectomy: Surgical procedure for men that cuts the tubes carrying sperm.

Natural Methods

Natural methods involve monitoring fertility and abstaining from intercourse during fertile periods. They include:

• Fertility Awareness Methods (FAMs): Tracking menstrual cycles, body temperature, and cervical mucus to determine fertile days.
• Withdrawal Method (Coitus Interruptus): Removing the penis from the vagina before ejaculation.

Emergency Contraception

Emergency contraception can be used after unprotected sex to prevent pregnancy. Methods include:

• Emergency Contraceptive Pills (ECPs): Pills taken after intercourse.
• Copper IUD insertion: Can be used as emergency contraception within five days of unprotected sex.

Choosing a Birth Control Method

The choice of birth control method depends on individual health, lifestyle, and reproductive goals. Factors to consider include:

• Effectiveness
• Side effects
• Convenience
• Protection against STIs
• Reversibility

It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to choose the most appropriate method.

See Also

• Family Planning
• Reproductive Health
• Sexual Health