Metipranolol hydrochloride

Metipranolol hydrochloride is a non-selective beta blocker used in the treatment of glaucoma. It is a white, crystalline substance that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in ethanol. Metipranolol hydrochloride is a non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist, which means it blocks the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) on both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors.

Pharmacology[edit | edit source]

Metipranolol hydrochloride works by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye, thereby lowering the increased intraocular pressure that is often associated with glaucoma. It does this by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the ciliary body, which is responsible for the production of aqueous humor.

Clinical Use[edit | edit source]

Metipranolol hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It is typically administered as an ophthalmic solution (eye drops). The usual dosage is one drop in the affected eye(s) twice a day.

Side Effects[edit | edit source]

Like other beta blockers, metipranolol hydrochloride can cause side effects. These may include eye irritation, eye pain, and changes in vision. Systemic side effects can also occur, especially in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. These may include bradycardia (slow heart rate), hypotension (low blood pressure), and bronchospasm (constriction of the airways).

Contraindications[edit | edit source]

Metipranolol hydrochloride is contraindicated in patients with certain conditions, such as asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sinus bradycardia, second or third degree heart block, overt cardiac failure, and cardiogenic shock.

Interactions[edit | edit source]

Metipranolol hydrochloride can interact with other medications, including other beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and digoxin. These interactions can increase the risk of bradycardia, hypotension, and heart failure.