Metisazone

Metisazone is an antiviral drug that was first synthesized in the 1960s. It is a derivative of thiosemicarbazone, a class of compounds known for their antiviral and anticancer properties. Metisazone is primarily used in the treatment of smallpox, a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by the variola virus.

Mechanism of Action

Metisazone works by inhibiting the replication of the variola virus within the body. It does this by interfering with the virus's ability to use the host cell's machinery to replicate its own genetic material. This prevents the virus from multiplying and spreading throughout the body.

Pharmacokinetics

After oral administration, Metisazone is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. It is then distributed throughout the body, where it can reach the sites of viral infection. The drug is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine.

Side Effects

Like all medications, Metisazone can cause side effects. The most common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. In rare cases, the drug can cause more serious side effects such as liver damage, blood disorders, and severe skin reactions.

Contraindications

Metisazone should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. It is also contraindicated in patients with severe liver disease, as the drug is metabolized in the liver and could potentially worsen liver function.

Drug Interactions

Metisazone can interact with other medications, which can affect how it works or increase the risk of side effects. For example, it can interact with certain antiviral drugs, increasing the risk of liver damage.

History

Metisazone was first synthesized in the 1960s as part of a search for new antiviral drugs. It was found to be effective against the variola virus, the virus that causes smallpox, and was used in the global smallpox eradication campaign.