Mezuzah

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Mezuzah Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw

Museum am Judenplatz (50)

Macedonian Mezuzah

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Reuven Rivlin has inaugurated the new gates of the Beit HaNassi, October 2017 (6350)

Sacha Pecaric mezuza

Mezuzah (Hebrew: מְזוּזָה) is a piece of parchment inscribed with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah, particularly Deuteronomy 6:4–9 and 11:13–21. These verses compose the Shema Yisrael, one of the most important prayers in Judaism. A mezuzah is placed inside a decorative case and affixed to the doorframe of Jewish homes to fulfill the mitzvah (biblical commandment) to inscribe the words of the Shema "on the doorposts of your house" (Deuteronomy 6:9). The mezuzah serves as a symbol of Jewish identity and faith, reminding those who pass through the doorway of their connection to Judaism and its teachings.

Biblical Origin

The commandment to affix a mezuzah is derived from two passages in the Torah, both of which are included in the text that is written on the parchment. These passages, found in the books of Deuteronomy 6:4–9 and 11:13–21, emphasize the importance of remembering and adhering to the commandments of God, teaching them to one's children, and discussing them throughout daily life.

Components and Construction

A mezuzah consists of a piece of parchment called a klaf, on which specific verses from the Torah are inscribed by a qualified scribe (sofer stam). The parchment is then rolled up and placed inside a protective case. The case can be made from a variety of materials, including metal, wood, glass, or ceramics, and is often decorated with Jewish symbols, such as the Star of David, the Menorah, or the Hebrew letter ש (Shin), representing one of the names of God.

Placement

Jewish law specifies how and where the mezuzah should be affixed. It is to be placed on the right side of the doorway as one enters a room or building, at the bottom of the upper third of the doorpost. The mezuzah is tilted inward, symbolizing the entrance into the Jewish home or space. A blessing is recited when affixing the mezuzah, acknowledging the commandment being fulfilled.

Significance and Beliefs

The mezuzah is more than a decorative object; it is a constant reminder of Jewish faith and the presence of God in the home. Many Jews touch the mezuzah upon entering or leaving a room and then kiss their fingers, as a sign of respect and devotion. It is also believed to provide spiritual protection for the home and its inhabitants.

Legal and Halachic Considerations

There are detailed halachic (Jewish legal) requirements regarding the preparation of the mezuzah parchment, the script, the way it is rolled, and how it is affixed. A mezuzah must be written in indelible ink on specially prepared klaf by a certified sofer stam. The mezuzah is also subject to examination over time to ensure that the words have not been damaged or faded, which would render the mezuzah pasul (invalid).

Contemporary Issues

In modern times, the mezuzah has been at the center of various legal and social debates, particularly in regions where displaying religious symbols on doorposts may conflict with housing policies or regulations. However, it remains a powerful symbol of Jewish identity and faith, deeply rooted in tradition and commandment.