Shema Yisrael

Shema Yisrael (or Shema) is a central prayer in the Jewish prayer book and is considered the most important prayer in Judaism. The first verse encapsulates the monotheistic essence of Judaism: "Hear, O Israel: the LORD our God, the LORD is one" (Deuteronomy 6:4), which expresses the monotheistic nature of the Jewish faith.

Etymology and Meaning

The term "Shema" is derived from the first word of the verse in Hebrew, שְׁמַע, meaning "hear" or "listen." This command to hear is significant as it calls for active listening and understanding of the monotheistic message.

Text and Structure

The Shema consists of three biblical passages: Deuteronomy 6:4-9, Deuteronomy 11:13-21, and Numbers 15:37-41. These passages are recited during the morning and evening Jewish services. The first passage includes the well-known proclamation, "Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one."

Deuteronomy 6:4-9

This passage is known as the V'ahavta according to its first word, "and you shall love." It commands love, obedience, and commitment to the words of God, which should be taught to children, discussed at home and away, and meditated upon day and night.

Deuteronomy 11:13-21

This section of the Shema deals with the rewards of following God's commandments, including rain and agricultural bounty, and the consequences of disobedience.

Numbers 15:37-41

The final passage concerns the commandment to wear Tzitzit (fringes on the corners of garments), as a physical reminder of the commandments.

Usage in Jewish Life

The Shema is recited twice daily during the Shacharit (morning) and Maariv (evening) services in synagogues. It is also the first verse that Jewish children are encouraged to learn and the last words spoken before death, emphasizing its significance throughout a follower's life and in the Jewish community.

Theological Significance

The Shema is not only a declaration of the existence of one God but also a pledge of allegiance to the Sovereignty of God. The recitation of the Shema aligns the worshipper with the fundamental Jewish belief in monotheism, distinguishing Judaism from other ancient religions that were predominantly polytheistic.

In Cultural Context

The Shema has played a crucial role in critical historical moments. For example, during the Holocaust, many Jews recited the Shema before their deaths. This prayer encapsulates the resilience and enduring faith of the Jewish people.

See Also

• Jewish prayers and blessings
• Monotheism
• Tefillin
• Mezuzah