Microbolometer

A microbolometer is a specific type of bolometer used as a detector in a thermal camera. Infrared radiation striking the detector material causes it to heat up, changing its electrical resistance. This change in resistance can be measured and used to create an image of the infrared radiation. Microbolometers are widely used in thermal imaging, night vision devices, and in industrial, military, and commercial applications where detecting thermal differences is necessary.

The core of a microbolometer is its sensor material, typically made from vanadium oxide (VOx) or amorphous silicon (a-Si), which exhibits a significant change in electrical resistance when exposed to temperature changes. The sensor is fabricated on a silicon micro-machined structure to isolate it thermally from the surrounding environment, enhancing its sensitivity to infrared radiation.

Microbolometers operate in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) band, covering wavelengths from approximately 8 to 14 micrometers. Unlike other infrared detectors, they do not require cooling to operate effectively, making them more compact, power-efficient, and cost-effective for a wide range of applications.

The technology behind microbolometers has evolved significantly since their invention, leading to improvements in sensitivity, resolution, and frame rates. This has expanded their use beyond traditional military and security applications to include firefighting, search and rescue, building inspection, medical imaging, and environmental monitoring.