Middlesex

Flag of Middlesex

Arms of Middlesex County Council

Middlesex Brit Isles Sect 5

Gray1824 middlesex

Diocese of London Survey by John Harris 1714

Middlesex is a historic county in southeast England. It was established in the Anglo-Saxon period and existed as an official administrative unit until 1965. The name Middlesex derives from the territory of the Middle Saxons and has been documented since the 7th century. The county is bordered by Hertfordshire to the north, Essex to the east, the River Thames to the south, and Buckinghamshire and Surrey to the west. The county town was initially Brentford and later Westminster.

History

Middlesex has a rich history that dates back to the Middle Ages. It was originally defined by its location, serving as the territory of the Middle Saxons. Throughout the medieval period, Middlesex played a significant role in the economic and political life of England, with its proximity to London making it strategically important. The county was involved in various historical events, including the Peasants' Revolt in 1381 and the English Civil War in the 17th century.

In the 19th century, as London expanded, parts of Middlesex were absorbed into the growing metropolis. This process accelerated with the coming of the railways, leading to significant urbanization and population growth. By the early 20th century, much of Middlesex was effectively part of the London conurbation.

The Local Government Act 1888 established Middlesex as an administrative county, governed by the Middlesex County Council. However, the continued expansion of London led to the gradual reduction of the county's area. Significant parts were transferred to London in 1900, and more followed in subsequent local government reorganizations.

The final blow came with the London Government Act 1963, which abolished Middlesex as an administrative county from 1965. Its former area was divided among the newly created Greater London, with small parts transferred to Hertfordshire and Surrey. Despite this, Middlesex continues to exist as a ceremonial and postal county, and the name is still widely used to refer to the area.

Geography

Middlesex covered a relatively small area to the west and northwest of London, stretching from the River Thames in the south to the border with Hertfordshire in the north. The landscape of Middlesex was predominantly flat, with the River Thames forming its southern boundary. The county was characterized by its mix of urban and rural areas, with significant green spaces such as Richmond Park and Bushy Park.

Economy

Historically, Middlesex's economy was based on agriculture, but with the industrial revolution and the expansion of London, it shifted towards manufacturing and services. By the 20th century, industries such as brewing, paper-making, and engineering were prominent in Middlesex. However, the post-war period saw a decline in manufacturing, with services and retail becoming the dominant sectors.

Culture

Middlesex has contributed significantly to English culture, with its towns and villages being the birthplace or residence of notable writers, artists, and politicians. The county's proximity to London has also made it a center for film and television production.

Legacy

Despite its abolition as an administrative county, Middlesex remains a beloved part of England's heritage. The name is still used in various contexts, including sports clubs, businesses, and postal addresses. Middlesex University, named after the county, continues to be a significant educational institution.