Migrating motor complex

From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia

Migrating Motor Complex[edit | edit source]

File:Gastrointestinal tract.svg
Illustration of the human gastrointestinal tract

The Migrating Motor Complex (MMC) is a pattern of electrical activity that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract in a regular cycle during fasting. It was first described by Vantrappen et al. in 1977. The MMC is responsible for the rumbling experienced when hungry and is also thought to serve a "housekeeping" role and sweep residual undigested material through the digestive tube.

Phases[edit | edit source]

The MMC operates in a cycle that is usually about 90 to 120 minutes long and is divided into four phases:

  1. Phase I: A period of quiescence during which there are few contractions.
  2. Phase II: A period of intermittent contractions due to irregular neural activity.
  3. Phase III: A period of regular contractions due to maximum neural activity. This is also known as the "housekeeper wave".
  4. Phase IV: A short period of transition between phases III and I.
File:MMC Phases.png
Phases of the Migrating Motor Complex

Regulation[edit | edit source]

The MMC is regulated by several hormones and neurotransmitters, including motilin, serotonin, and ghrelin. Motilin is the primary hormone responsible for the initiation of the MMC.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

Disruption of the MMC can lead to a variety of gastrointestinal disorders, such as gastroparesis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

See Also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD