Military sexual trauma

Military Sexual Trauma (MST) refers to experiences of sexual assault or repeated, threatening sexual harassment that a member of the military encounters during their service. It includes any sexual activity where someone is involved against their will – whether they were pressured into sexual activities (including with threats of negative treatment if they refuse, or with promises of better treatment if they comply), physically forced into sexual activities, or were unable to consent to sexual activities (for example, if they were asleep or intoxicated). The term is used by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to refer to experiences of sexual assault or repeated, threatening sexual harassment that occurred while the veteran was in the military.

Definition and Scope

Military sexual trauma is a significant issue within the armed forces, not limited by country, gender, or military branch. It encompasses a range of behaviors from sexual harassment to outright sexual assault. MST is recognized by military organizations and the VA as a cause of significant mental and physical health issues among veterans.

Causes and Contributing Factors

The causes of MST are complex and multifaceted, including but not limited to, the hierarchical nature of the military, environments that may foster a culture of silence or impunity, and the stress of deployment or combat situations. Gender dynamics within the military can also contribute to the prevalence of MST, with individuals who do not conform to traditional gender roles or stereotypes being at increased risk.

Impact

The impact of MST can be profound and long-lasting, affecting survivors' mental, physical, and emotional health. Common mental health issues include Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. Physical health problems might also arise, including chronic pain and gastrointestinal issues. The trauma from MST can also lead to difficulties in social and occupational functioning.

Prevention and Response

Efforts to prevent MST include training and education programs aimed at changing the culture within the military to one that does not tolerate sexual harassment or assault. Response mechanisms typically involve reporting procedures, support services for survivors, and disciplinary actions against perpetrators. However, challenges remain in encouraging reporting and ensuring that responses are effective and sensitive to the needs of survivors.

Treatment and Support

The VA offers a range of services to help veterans who have experienced MST, including counseling and therapy, medical services, and support in reporting incidents. Treatment is tailored to the individual's needs, with an emphasis on creating a safe and supportive environment for recovery.

Legal and Policy Framework

There have been various legal and policy initiatives aimed at addressing MST, including legislation to improve reporting mechanisms, support survivors, and prosecute perpetrators. These efforts seek to create a military environment where sexual harassment and assault are not tolerated, and survivors are supported and protected.

See Also

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Sexual Harassment
• United States Department of Veterans Affairs