Monorail

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Chongqing Rail Transit Line 3 Monorail Train near Xuetangwan Station

Monotrilho SP (3)

Chq Monorail2 P1030386

Einschienerp

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Xlg russian monorail

Seattle Monorail station

Monorail is a type of rail transport consisting of a single rail, which acts as its sole support and its guide. The term is also used to refer to the vehicle traveling on such a rail or track. Monorails have been developed and utilized for transportation purposes, particularly in urban areas, where space is limited and there is a need for efficient public transport systems. Unlike traditional railroads, which typically require two parallel rails, monorails operate on a single rail, which can be either elevated or at ground level.

History

The concept of the monorail has existed since the 19th century, with early examples and patents dating back to the 1820s. However, it was not until the 20th century that monorails began to be seriously considered as a viable form of urban transport. The first commercial monorail system was launched in Germany in 1901, known as the Wuppertal Schwebebahn. It is still in operation today, making it the oldest electric elevated railway with hanging cars in the world.

Types of Monorails

There are primarily two types of monorail systems based on their support and guidance systems: suspended monorails and straddle monorails.

Suspended Monorails

In a suspended monorail system, the vehicles hang from a single rail situated above them. This design allows for a smaller footprint on the ground, making it suitable for densely populated urban areas. The Wuppertal Schwebebahn is an example of a suspended monorail.

Straddle Monorails

Straddle monorails, on the other hand, involve vehicles that straddle a single rail, with the rail located between the vehicle's wheels. This type is more common in modern monorail systems, such as the Tokyo Monorail, which connects Tokyo International Airport (Haneda) with central Tokyo.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Monorails offer several advantages over traditional rail systems. Their single-rail design requires less space, making them an attractive option for crowded cities. Monorails can also be elevated, which reduces their impact on existing road networks and allows for a more direct route that bypasses traffic congestion. However, monorails also have disadvantages, including high initial construction costs and limited flexibility in terms of route expansion or modification.

Applications

Monorails are used around the world, primarily for short-distance urban transport, such as connecting airports to city centers or serving as part of amusement parks and tourist attractions. They are also used in some industrial applications for material transport.

Future of Monorails

With the increasing focus on sustainable and efficient urban transport solutions, monorails continue to be explored as a potential option. Advances in technology may reduce construction and operation costs, making monorails a more attractive option for cities looking to expand their public transport systems.