Mooneye

Hiodon tergisus NOAA

Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus) is a species of freshwater fish belonging to the family Hiodontidae, which is native to North America. The mooneye is characterized by its silvery body, large eyes, and forked tail, features that contribute to its distinctive appearance and have influenced its common name. This species is found in a variety of freshwater habitats, including rivers, lakes, and streams, primarily in the United States and Canada. Mooneyes are of interest not only to biologists but also to anglers, due to their unique behaviors and challenges they present when fishing.

Description

The mooneye typically reaches a length of about 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 cm) and is noted for its large, prominent eyes which are adapted to its feeding habits. The body of the mooneye is elongated and somewhat compressed laterally, with a silvery sheen that makes it almost invisible to predators when viewed from below. This fish has a single dorsal fin, a forked caudal fin, and small, toothed jaws that are effective for catching its prey, which includes insects, crustaceans, and smaller fish.

Habitat and Distribution

Mooneyes prefer clear, moderately flowing waters and are commonly found in the middle and lower sections of rivers, as well as in lakes. Their distribution ranges throughout the Mississippi River basin, from the Great Lakes region down to the Gulf of Mexico, and extends into Canada, particularly in the Saint Lawrence River and the Great Lakes.

Behavior

Mooneyes are known for their schooling behavior and are most active during dawn and dusk, a behavior known as crepuscular activity. They feed primarily on flying insects, which they catch by leaping out of the water, a unique and fascinating behavior to observe. During the winter, they tend to move to deeper waters to avoid the cold.

Conservation Status

While not currently listed as endangered, the mooneye faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and changes in water temperature and quality. Conservation efforts are important to ensure the survival of this species, as it plays a role in the biodiversity of the freshwater ecosystems where it lives.

Fishing for Mooneye

Anglers find mooneye challenging due to their agility and the finesse required to catch them. They are often targeted with light tackle and small lures or flies that mimic their natural prey. Fishing for mooneye can be particularly rewarding because of their fighting spirit and the delicacy of their flesh.

In Culture

The mooneye holds a place in the folklore and fishing culture of many indigenous and local communities in North America. It is often associated with stories of abundance and the changing seasons, reflecting its importance in local ecosystems.