Morganella morganii

Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is a facultatively anaerobic organism, capable of aerobic respiration and fermentation in the absence of oxygen. This bacterium is commonly found in the environment and the intestinal tracts of humans, mammals, and reptiles as a normal flora. However, it can cause a variety of infections in humans, particularly in those with compromised immune systems.

Characteristics

Morganella morganii is rod-shaped and moves using peritrichous flagella. It is known for its resistance to many common antibiotics, which complicates treatment of infections it causes. This bacterium can produce a wide range of enzymes, including urease, which contributes to its pathogenicity.

Pathogenesis

Morganella morganii can cause a variety of infections, including urinary tract infections, sepsis, wound infections, and respiratory tract infections. It is particularly associated with opportunistic infections in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients. The pathogenesis of Morganella morganii infections involves colonization, evasion of the host immune response, and production of toxins.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Morganella morganii infections involves culturing the bacterium from samples taken from the site of infection. Identification is typically done using biochemical tests to differentiate it from other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family.

Treatment

Treatment of infections caused by Morganella morganii can be challenging due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. Empirical therapy often includes the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, with adjustments made based on susceptibility testing. In severe cases, combination therapy may be necessary to effectively manage the infection.

Epidemiology

Morganella morganii is widely distributed in the environment and can be found in soil, water, and fecal matter. Human colonization is common, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. However, infections are more likely to occur in hospital settings, where the bacterium can be transmitted through contaminated medical equipment or person-to-person contact.

Prevention

Prevention of Morganella morganii infections involves strict adherence to infection control practices in healthcare settings, including hand hygiene and sterilization of medical equipment. In individuals at high risk of infection, such as those with indwelling medical devices, prophylactic antibiotics may be considered.