Mulpavirales

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colspan=2 style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)" | Mulpavirales
colspan=2 style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250,250,190)" | Virus classification

Mulpavirales is an order of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that belong to the class Flasuviricetes within the phylum Kitrinoviricota. This order is part of the larger realm of Riboviria, which encompasses all RNA viruses that replicate via an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Taxonomy

The order Mulpavirales is composed of several families, each containing multiple genera and species. The classification is based on genetic and structural characteristics of the viruses, as well as their host range and pathogenicity.

Families

• Family 1
• Family 2
• Family 3

Characteristics

Viruses in the order Mulpavirales are characterized by their positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes. These genomes are typically linear and can vary in size depending on the specific virus. The replication of these viruses occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell, utilizing the host's machinery to synthesize viral proteins and replicate the viral RNA.

Genome Structure

The genome of Mulpavirales viruses is organized into several open reading frames (ORFs) that encode for structural and non-structural proteins. The 5' and 3' ends of the genome often contain untranslated regions (UTRs) that play crucial roles in the regulation of viral replication and translation.

Replication Cycle

The replication cycle of Mulpavirales viruses begins with the attachment of the virus to specific receptors on the host cell surface, followed by entry into the cell. Once inside, the viral RNA is released into the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for translation of viral proteins. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary negative-sense RNA strand, which then serves as a template for the production of new positive-sense RNA genomes.

Pathogenicity

Some members of the Mulpavirales order are known to cause diseases in their hosts, which can range from mild to severe. The pathogenic mechanisms often involve the disruption of normal cellular processes and the induction of host immune responses.

Research and Applications

Research on Mulpavirales viruses is ongoing, with studies focusing on their molecular biology, pathogenesis, and potential as vectors for gene therapy. Understanding the life cycle and interactions of these viruses with their hosts can lead to the development of antiviral strategies and vaccines.

Also see

• Riboviria
• Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
• RNA virus
• Virus classification

Virus classification

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Diagram of a virus structure