Muscle strain

Muscle strain, also known as a pulled muscle, occurs when a muscle is overstretched or torn. This injury typically happens during physical activity and can affect any muscle in the body, but is most common in the lower back, neck, shoulder, and hamstring. Muscle strains can range from mild discomfort to severe, debilitating pain.

Causes

Muscle strains are often caused by sudden, unexpected movements but can also result from overuse of a muscle during repetitive activities. Factors contributing to muscle strains include:

• Lack of proper warm-up before physical activity
• Poor flexibility or muscle strength
• Fatigue, which can reduce muscle coordination
• Performing activities that the body is not accustomed to

Symptoms

Symptoms of a muscle strain can vary depending on the severity of the injury but commonly include:

• Pain in the affected muscle, especially when it is used
• Swelling, bruising, or redness
• Muscle weakness or inability to use the muscle at all
• Muscle spasms

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a muscle strain is primarily based on a medical history and physical examination. In some cases, imaging tests such as an MRI or ultrasound may be used to determine the extent of the injury.

Treatment

Treatment for a muscle strain depends on the severity of the injury but often includes:

• Resting the injured muscle
• Applying ice to reduce swelling
• Compression with a bandage to support the muscle
• Elevation of the injured limb to reduce swelling
• Pain relief medications, such as NSAIDs
• Physical therapy to strengthen the muscle and improve flexibility

Severe muscle strains may require surgical intervention to repair the torn muscle.

Prevention

Preventing muscle strains involves:

• Proper warm-up before engaging in physical activity
• Regular stretching to maintain muscle flexibility
• Strengthening exercises to build muscle strength
• Gradually increasing the intensity of physical activities

See also

• Muscle cramps
• Sprain
• Repetitive strain injury