Mycoestrogen

Mycoestrogen is a type of xenoestrogen that is produced by fungi. These compounds are structurally similar to endogenous estrogen and can mimic or disrupt the functions of these hormones in the body. Mycoestrogens are commonly found in various types of food, particularly those that are stored in damp conditions where fungi can thrive.

Types of Mycoestrogens

There are several types of mycoestrogens, including:

• Zearalenone: This is a potent estrogenic metabolite that is produced by some Fusarium species. It is commonly found in a variety of cereals, such as maize, barley, oats, wheat, rice, and sorghum.

• Alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol: These are reduced metabolites of zearalenone and are also produced by Fusarium species.

• Zearalenone-4-glucoside: This is a masked mycotoxin that is produced by the conjugation of zearalenone with glucose.

Health Effects

Exposure to mycoestrogens can lead to a variety of health effects, particularly in animals. These effects can include:

• Reproductive disorders: Due to their estrogenic effects, mycoestrogens can cause a variety of reproductive disorders, such as infertility, reduced litter size, and abnormal sexual behavior.

• Immune system disorders: Some studies have suggested that mycoestrogens can suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and diseases.

• Cancer: There is some evidence to suggest that long-term exposure to mycoestrogens can increase the risk of certain types of cancer, particularly breast cancer.

Prevention and Control

Preventing exposure to mycoestrogens primarily involves controlling the growth of fungi in food. This can be achieved through proper storage and handling of food, as well as the use of fungicides. In addition, there are several methods for detoxifying mycoestrogens, such as the use of activated charcoal or other adsorbents.

See Also

• Mycotoxin
• Endocrine disruptor
• Estrogen