Mycorrhizae

Mycorrhizae are a type of symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a plant. The term mycorrhiza refers to the role of the fungus in the plant's rhizosphere, its root system. Mycorrhizae play important roles in soil biology and soil chemistry.

Types of Mycorrhizae

There are several types of mycorrhizae, including:

• Ectomycorrhizae: These form a sheath around the root of the plant, with the fungal hyphae forming a network both inside and outside of the root. This type is common in many forest trees, such as pines and oaks.

• Endomycorrhizae: Also known as arbuscular mycorrhizae, these penetrate the root cells and are the most common type of mycorrhizae. They are found in about 85% of all plant families.

• Ericoid mycorrhizae: These are found mainly in plants in the Ericaceae family, such as heathers and blueberries.

• Orchid mycorrhizae: These are found in orchids, and help the plant to obtain nutrients from the soil.

Function

Mycorrhizae are important for plant growth. They help the plant absorb nutrients, especially phosphorus, from the soil. They can also protect the plant from diseases and help it tolerate stress, such as drought.

Ecological Importance

Mycorrhizae play a crucial role in soil ecology. They help to bind the soil particles together, improving soil structure and preventing erosion. They also play a role in the carbon cycle, as they can store carbon in the soil.

See Also

• Mycology
• Plant Pathology
• Soil Science

References

Mycorrhizae Resources
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