Myeloid cells

Myeloid cells are a category of cell that originate from a common myeloid progenitor cell in the bone marrow. They are part of the immune system and play a crucial role in the body's defense against pathogens and disease.

Origin and Development

Myeloid cells are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. These stem cells differentiate into myeloid progenitor cells, which further differentiate into various types of myeloid cells. The process of differentiation is regulated by various growth factors and cytokines.

Types of Myeloid Cells

There are several types of myeloid cells, each with a unique role in the immune response:

• Neutrophils: These are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are the first to arrive at the site of an infection. They engulf and destroy pathogens through a process called phagocytosis.

• Monocytes: These cells circulate in the blood and can differentiate into macrophages or dendritic cells when they enter tissues.

• Macrophages: These cells are found in tissues throughout the body and are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens and dead cells.

• Dendritic cells: These cells are important for initiating the immune response. They capture and process antigens, then present them to T cells to trigger an immune response.

• Eosinophils, Basophils, and Mast cells: These cells are involved in the response to parasites and allergic reactions.

Role in Immunity

Myeloid cells play a crucial role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. They are involved in the initial response to infection, inflammation, and tissue damage. They also play a role in the adaptive immune response by presenting antigens to T cells and producing cytokines that help shape the immune response.

Clinical Significance

Abnormalities in myeloid cells can lead to various diseases, including leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and myeloproliferative neoplasm. Understanding the biology of myeloid cells is therefore important for the development of treatments for these diseases.