Myofascial pain

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a condition characterized by chronic pain caused by muscles and the fascia (the connective tissue that surrounds muscles). It involves either single muscle or a muscle group. The pain originates from specific points within the fascia, known as trigger points. These trigger points can cause pain in the direct area and can also refer pain to other parts of the body, a phenomenon known as referred pain.

Etiology

The exact cause of MPS is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development. These include muscle injury, excessive strain on a particular muscle or muscle group, repetitive motions, and lack of activity. Stress and poor posture can also exacerbate the condition.

Symptoms

Symptoms of MPS include deep, aching pain in a muscle, pain that persists or worsens, a tender knot in the muscle, and difficulty sleeping due to pain. The pain can be localized or widespread and can significantly affect an individual's quality of life.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of MPS is primarily based on the patient's history and a physical examination. During the examination, a healthcare provider will look for tender knots in the muscles that produce the characteristic pain pattern of MPS. There are no specific laboratory tests or imaging studies for diagnosing MPS, making the clinical examination crucial.

Treatment

Treatment for MPS focuses on relieving pain and improving function. This may include a combination of medications, physical therapy, and trigger point injections. Non-pharmacological treatments such as massage, heat therapy, and ultrasound may also be beneficial. In some cases, patients may benefit from practices like acupuncture and relaxation techniques to manage pain.

Prevention

Preventing MPS involves regular exercise, maintaining good posture, and avoiding repetitive strain on muscles. Stress management techniques can also be helpful in preventing muscle tension that may lead to MPS.