Myofascial trigger point

Detailed overview of myofascial trigger points

Myofascial Trigger Point
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Localized pain, muscle stiffness
Complications	Chronic pain, reduced range of motion
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Muscle overuse, stress, injury
Risks	Poor posture, repetitive motions
Diagnosis	Clinical examination
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, Massage therapy, Dry needling, Acupuncture
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

A myofascial trigger point (MTrP) is a hyperirritable spot, usually within a taut band of skeletal muscle or in the muscle's fascia. These points can be painful on compression and can give rise to characteristic referred pain, motor dysfunction, and autonomic phenomena.

Pathophysiology

Myofascial trigger points are thought to form as a result of muscle overuse, trauma, or stress. The pathophysiology involves the development of a taut band of muscle fibers, which can lead to localized ischemia and the release of inflammatory mediators. This can cause sensitization of nociceptors and the development of referred pain patterns.

Symptoms

Common symptoms associated with myofascial trigger points include:

• Localized muscle pain
• Stiffness and limited range of motion
• Referred pain patterns
• Muscle weakness
• Autonomic symptoms such as sweating or vasoconstriction

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of myofascial trigger points is primarily clinical, based on:

• Palpation of a taut band in the muscle
• Identification of a hypersensitive spot within the taut band
• Reproduction of the patient's pain upon compression of the trigger point
• Recognition of referred pain patterns

Treatment

Treatment options for myofascial trigger points include:

• Physical therapy: Techniques such as stretching, strengthening, and postural correction can help alleviate symptoms.
• Massage therapy: Manual techniques to release trigger points and improve muscle function.
• Dry needling: Insertion of fine needles into the trigger point to release tension and improve blood flow.
• Acupuncture: Traditional Chinese medicine technique that may help reduce pain and improve function.
• Medications: Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs may be used to manage pain.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Maintaining good posture
• Regular exercise and stretching
• Ergonomic adjustments in the workplace
• Stress management techniques

See also

• Fibromyalgia
• Chronic pain
• Musculoskeletal disorders

External links

• Myofascial Trigger Point on WikiMD