Myotomy

Myotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting a muscle. This procedure is typically performed to alleviate conditions that prevent normal muscle functioning. The most common condition treated with myotomy is achalasia, a disorder of the esophagus that makes swallowing difficult.

Procedure

Myotomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting into a muscle. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the skin and underlying tissues to expose the muscle. The muscle is then cut along its length to relieve tension or pressure. The incision is then closed with sutures.

Types of Myotomy

There are several types of myotomy procedures, including:

• Heller myotomy: This procedure is used to treat achalasia. The surgeon cuts the lower esophageal sphincter to allow food and liquid to pass into the stomach more easily.
• Pneumatic dilation: This is a non-surgical procedure that uses air pressure to stretch the lower esophageal sphincter.
• Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): This is a newer procedure that is less invasive than a Heller myotomy. The surgeon uses an endoscope to cut the muscle.

Risks and Complications

Like all surgical procedures, myotomy carries some risks. These may include infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding tissues. There is also a risk that the procedure will not relieve the symptoms of the condition it is intended to treat.

Recovery

Recovery from myotomy surgery varies depending on the specific procedure and the individual patient. Most people are able to return to normal activities within a few weeks. Dietary changes may be necessary for some time after the procedure.

See Also

• Esophageal achalasia
• Gastroenterology
• General surgery