N-Acetylaspartic acid

N-Acetylaspartic acid (NAA) is a derivative of aspartic acid with a role in the human body as a neurotransmitter and a source of acetyl groups. It is the second most prevalent neurotransmitter in the brain after glutamate. NAA is synthesized in neurons from aspartate and acetyl-CoA by the enzyme aspartate N-acetyltransferase and broken down by aspartoacylase into aspartate and acetyl-CoA in the oligodendrocytes.

Function

NAA functions as a molecular water pump, helping to remove water from neurons. This is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the myelin sheath, which insulates neurons and allows for efficient nerve impulse transmission. NAA also contributes to the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in memory and learning.

Clinical significance

Abnormal levels of NAA in the brain can indicate a variety of medical conditions. Decreased levels are often associated with conditions that cause damage or loss of neurons, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Increased levels can indicate conditions that lead to an overproduction of NAA, such as Canavan disease, a rare inherited disorder that damages the ability of nerve cells in the brain to send and receive messages.

Research

Research into NAA is ongoing, with studies investigating its potential use as a biomarker for various neurological conditions. It is also being studied for its potential therapeutic uses, such as in the treatment of Canavan disease and other leukodystrophies.

See also

• Aspartic acid
• Neurotransmitter
• Canavan disease