N-Butanol

N-Butanol or normal butanol is a primary alcohol with a 4-carbon structure and the chemical formula C4H9OH. Its isomers include isobutanol, 2-butanol, and tert-butanol.

Properties

N-Butanol is a colorless liquid that is soluble in water. It has a characteristic banana-like odor. N-Butanol occurs naturally as a minor product of the fermentation of sugars and other carbohydrates, and is present in many foods and beverages. It is also a permitted artificial flavorant in the United States, used in butter, cream, fruit, rum, whiskey, ice cream and ices, candy, baked goods and cordials. It is also used in a wide range of consumer products.

Production

The traditional method of producing n-butanol is through the oxo process, also known as hydroformylation, which involves the reaction of propylene with synthesis gas to produce butyraldehyde, which is then hydrogenated to produce butanol.

Uses

N-Butanol is used in a wide variety of applications, including as a solvent in paints, coatings, varnishes, resins, gums, dyes, camphor, vegetable oils, fats, waxes, shellac, rubbers, and alkaloids. It is also used in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, polymers, pyroxylin plastics, butyl esters, and glycol ethers.

Safety

N-Butanol can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. It can cause irritation to the eyes and skin, and prolonged exposure can lead to serious eye damage.

See also

• Alcohol
• Fermentation
• Oxo process