N-acylethanolamines

N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are a group of lipid molecules that are involved in a variety of physiological processes in both animals and plants. They are derived from fatty acids and ethanolamine, and are part of the larger family of fatty acid amides.

Structure and Synthesis

NAEs are composed of a fatty acid chain linked to an ethanolamine moiety. The fatty acid can vary in length and saturation, leading to a variety of different NAE species. The most well-known and studied NAE is anandamide, which is derived from arachidonic acid.

The synthesis of NAEs occurs through the enzymatic reaction of a fatty acid with ethanolamine. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme N-acyltransferase.

Function

NAEs have a wide range of functions in the body, many of which are still being discovered. They are involved in pain regulation, inflammation, and appetite control, among other things. Anandamide, for example, is a potent neurotransmitter that binds to cannabinoid receptors in the brain and has effects similar to those of THC, the active ingredient in cannabis.

In plants, NAEs are involved in seed germination, growth, and response to stress.

Medical Relevance

Due to their wide range of physiological effects, NAEs are of great interest in medical research. They have potential therapeutic applications in a variety of conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases.

See Also

• Fatty acid amide
• Anandamide
• Cannabinoid