N-type calcium channel

N-type calcium channel is a type of voltage-gated calcium channel that plays a crucial role in neurotransmission. These channels are named 'N' for their neural tissue distribution. They are high-voltage activated channels, meaning they open in response to strong depolarizations of the cell membrane.

Structure

N-type calcium channels are composed of several subunits: the main α1 subunit, which forms the pore through which calcium ions pass, and several auxiliary subunits (α2δ, β, and γ) that modulate the properties and function of the channel. The α1 subunit is encoded by the CACNA1B gene.

Function

N-type calcium channels are primarily found in neurons and are involved in neurotransmission. They open in response to depolarization of the cell membrane, allowing calcium ions to enter the cell. This influx of calcium triggers the release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft.

In addition to their role in neurotransmission, N-type calcium channels are also involved in other cellular processes, such as gene expression, cell growth, and cell death.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in N-type calcium channels have been implicated in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, migraine, and chronic pain. They are also the target of several drugs used to treat these conditions. For example, the drug gabapentin binds to the α2δ subunit of N-type calcium channels, reducing their activity and thus alleviating neuropathic pain.

See also

• Voltage-gated calcium channel
• CACNA1B
• Neurotransmission
• Gabapentin