NF-κB

NF-κB (Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls the transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens.

Structure

NF-κB is a protein complex made up of five proteins: p50, p52, p65 (RelA), c-Rel, and RelB. These proteins are held in the cytoplasm by a family of inhibitors, called IκBs, which control the activity of NF-κB/Rel proteins by masking their nuclear localization signals.

Function

NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory.

Role in Disease

Alterations in NF-κB signaling pathways have been associated with a number of diseases, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. In cancer, NF-κB can promote cell proliferation and prevent cell death, contributing to tumor growth and survival.

Therapeutic Target

Given its role in such a wide range of diseases, NF-κB is considered an important target for therapeutic intervention. Several drugs that inhibit NF-κB are currently under investigation for the treatment of various diseases.

See Also

• Cancer
• Inflammatory diseases
• Autoimmune diseases