NLRP5

NLRP5 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 5), also known as MATER (Maternal Antigen That Embryos Require), is a protein encoded by the NLRP5 gene in humans. This protein is a member of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, which plays a crucial role in the innate immune system and is involved in various cellular processes, including inflammation and apoptosis.

Function

NLRP5 is predominantly expressed in oocytes and early embryos, indicating its essential role in early embryonic development. It is involved in the formation of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), which is critical for zygote development beyond the two-cell stage. The SCMC is a multiprotein complex that includes other maternal effect proteins such as NLRP2, NLRP7, and KHDC3L.

Structure

The NLRP5 protein contains several characteristic domains:

• An N-terminal pyrin domain (PYD)
• A central NACHT domain
• C-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs)

These domains are typical of the NLR family and are involved in protein-protein interactions and the regulation of inflammatory responses.

Clinical Significance

Mutations in the NLRP5 gene have been associated with reproductive issues, including female infertility and early embryonic arrest. Studies have shown that NLRP5 is crucial for the proper formation of the SCMC and subsequent embryonic development.

Expression

NLRP5 is specifically expressed in the oocytes and early embryos, with its expression diminishing as the embryo progresses beyond the early stages of development. This specific expression pattern underscores its role in the maternal contribution to early embryogenesis.

Research

Research on NLRP5 continues to uncover its role in reproductive biology and its potential implications in fertility treatments. Understanding the function and regulation of NLRP5 could lead to advancements in addressing certain types of infertility and improving assisted reproductive technologies.

See Also

• NLRP2
• NLRP7
• KHDC3L
• Innate immune system
• Embryogenesis
• Infertility