NMS

NMS or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome is a life-threatening reaction that can occur in response to neuroleptic or antipsychotic medication. It is characterized by fever, altered mental status, muscle rigidity, and autonomic dysfunction.

Symptoms and Signs

The symptoms of NMS are often sudden and severe. They can include:

• High fever
• Sweating
• Unstable blood pressure
• Stupor
• Muscular rigidity
• Autonomic dysregulation

Causes

NMS is most commonly caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs. These can include:

• Haloperidol
• Fluphenazine
• Risperidone
• Olanzapine

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of NMS can be challenging, as it can mimic other conditions. It is often diagnosed based on the presence of the characteristic symptoms and a history of recent neuroleptic drug use. Laboratory tests can also be helpful in confirming the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of NMS involves discontinuing the offending drug, supportive care, and sometimes the use of medications such as dantrolene or bromocriptine.

Prognosis

With prompt recognition and treatment, the prognosis for NMS is generally good. However, it can be fatal if not treated promptly.

See Also

• Serotonin syndrome
• Malignant hyperthermia
• Antipsychotic