Nadolol
Beta blocker medication
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Nadolol is a non-selective beta blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris. It is also used in the management of certain types of arrhythmias and for the prevention of migraine headaches. Nadolol is known for its long duration of action, which allows for once-daily dosing.
Pharmacology[edit | edit source]
Nadolol works by blocking the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine on beta-adrenergic receptors, which are part of the sympathetic nervous system. This action results in a decrease in heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure. Nadolol is non-selective, meaning it blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors.
Medical uses[edit | edit source]
Nadolol is primarily used to treat:
- Hypertension
- Angina pectoris
- Certain types of arrhythmias
- Prevention of migraine headaches
Hypertension[edit | edit source]
Nadolol is effective in lowering blood pressure by reducing cardiac output and inhibiting the release of renin from the kidneys. It is often used in combination with other antihypertensive agents for better control of blood pressure.
Angina pectoris[edit | edit source]
In patients with angina, nadolol reduces the frequency and severity of angina attacks by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand through its effects on heart rate and contractility.
Arrhythmias[edit | edit source]
Nadolol is used in the management of certain arrhythmias, particularly those that are exacerbated by sympathetic stimulation.
Migraine prevention[edit | edit source]
Nadolol is sometimes used off-label for the prevention of migraine headaches, as it can reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.
Side effects[edit | edit source]
Common side effects of nadolol include:
Serious side effects may include:
Contraindications[edit | edit source]
Nadolol should not be used in patients with:
Mechanism of action[edit | edit source]
Nadolol blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, which are involved in the "fight or flight" response. By blocking these receptors, nadolol reduces the effects of stress hormones like epinephrine, leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.
Pharmacokinetics[edit | edit source]
Nadolol is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, but it has a low bioavailability due to first-pass metabolism. It is not metabolized by the liver and is excreted unchanged in the urine. The half-life of nadolol is approximately 20 to 24 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing.
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