Nail beds

Nail bed

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Anatomy of the human nail
Latin	Lectulus unguis
Precursor	Ectoderm
System	Integumentary system

The nail bed is a critical component of the human nail structure, playing a vital role in the health and function of the nail. It is the skin beneath the nail plate that extends from the lunula to the hyponychium. The nail bed is an integral part of the integumentary system, which includes the skin and its appendages.

Structure

The nail bed is composed of two main layers:

• Epidermis: The outermost layer of the nail bed, which is continuous with the epidermis of the surrounding skin. It is a thin layer that provides a smooth surface for the nail plate to rest upon.

• Dermis: The deeper layer of the nail bed, which contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The dermis is responsible for the pinkish color of the nail bed due to the rich supply of capillaries.

The nail bed is firmly attached to the nail plate, and its surface is grooved to accommodate the ridges on the underside of the nail plate. This attachment is crucial for the stability and growth of the nail.

Function

The primary function of the nail bed is to support the nail plate as it grows. It provides a foundation that allows the nail to grow smoothly and evenly. The nail bed also plays a role in the overall health of the nail by supplying nutrients and oxygen through its blood vessels.

The nail bed is sensitive to pressure and touch due to the presence of nerve endings, which can help protect the nail from damage by providing sensory feedback.

Clinical Significance

The health of the nail bed is essential for the appearance and function of the nail. Several conditions can affect the nail bed, including:

• Nail bed injuries: Trauma to the nail bed can result in subungual hematomas, lacerations, or avulsions, which may require medical intervention.

• Nail bed infections: Bacterial or fungal infections can lead to inflammation and discoloration of the nail bed.

• Psoriasis: This autoimmune condition can cause pitting, discoloration, and separation of the nail plate from the nail bed.

• Onycholysis: A condition where the nail plate separates from the nail bed, often due to trauma, infection, or systemic disease.

Also see

• Nail (anatomy)
• Lunula
• Hyponychium
• Cuticle (nail)
• Nail matrix