Namdhari

Painting of a Namdhari Sikh or Kuka Sikh, by Kapur Singh, Amritsar, ca.1860–65

Painting of a Namdhari or Kuka (Sikh sect) congregation with an opened scripture

Ustad Baljit Singh Luxmi Namdhari and Fateh Singh

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Vaisakhi 1857

The 12 Satgurus

Namdhari sect, also known as Kuka movement, is a religious movement within Sikhism that emerged in the 19th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. The Namdhari movement was founded by Baba Balak Singh in 1812, but it gained significant momentum under the leadership of Baba Ram Singh in 1857. Namdharis are known for their distinctive interpretations of Sikh doctrines, strict vegetarianism, and the wearing of white clothing. They played a crucial role in the Indian freedom struggle against British colonial rule.

Beliefs and Practices

The Namdhari sect holds several beliefs that distinguish it from mainstream Sikhism. One of their core beliefs is in living a life of simplicity and piety. They adhere strictly to a vegetarian diet, abstaining from meat, eggs, and alcohol. Namdharis also place a strong emphasis on Kirtan (devotional singing), which they perform daily. Unlike mainstream Sikhs who follow the Guru Granth Sahib as their eternal guru, Namdharis believe in a continuing lineage of living gurus, with Baba Ram Singh being an important figure in their history.

Namdharis are also known for their advocacy of the Anand Karaj (Sikh marriage ceremony) as defined by Sikh traditions, and they have been instrumental in its revival and continuation within Sikhism. They maintain distinctive practices such as the wearing of white clothing to symbolize purity and simplicity, and men often tie their turbans in a style that is unique to the Namdhari community.

History

The Namdhari movement began as a reform movement within Sikhism, aiming to return to the pure teachings of Guru Nanak and the subsequent Sikh Gurus. Under the leadership of Baba Ram Singh, the movement became more organized and took on a more militant stance against the British Raj, advocating for the boycott of British goods and the restoration of Sikh rule in Punjab. This led to the Namdhari movement being closely associated with the early phases of the Indian independence movement.

The British authorities viewed the Namdhari sect as a threat to their rule, leading to the execution of many Namdhari Sikhs following the Malerkotla incident in 1872, where Namdharis were involved in a confrontation with cow slaughterers, which escalated into a conflict with the British administration.

Contemporary Namdhari Sect

Today, the Namdhari sect continues to thrive, with a significant number of followers in Punjab and around the world. The community is actively involved in promoting Sikh values, environmental conservation, and social welfare projects. The Namdhari Sikhs have also made contributions to the field of Indian classical music, with several renowned Namdhari musicians being recognized for their mastery of traditional instruments and vocal techniques.

The current spiritual leader of the Namdhari Sikhs is believed to continue the lineage of living gurus, guiding the community in religious and social matters. The Namdhari sect, with its rich history and distinctive practices, remains an integral part of the diverse tapestry of Sikhism.