National Labor Relations Board

Madden witt fahy

1099 14th Street – National Labor Relations Board - sign

NLRB picketing 2007

J Warren Madden NLRB

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) is an independent federal agency in the United States responsible for enforcing U.S. labor law in relation to collective bargaining and unfair labor practices. Established by the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act, the NLRB aims to protect the rights of private sector employees to decide whether to join a union, engage in collective bargaining, or take collective action such as strikes. The agency also works to prevent and remedy unfair labor practices committed by private sector employers and unions.

History

The NLRB was created in response to growing labor unrest and the need for a federal agency to oversee labor relations. Prior to the establishment of the NLRB, labor disputes were often resolved through strikes and other forms of industrial action, which could be violent and disruptive. The Wagner Act was a landmark piece of legislation that sought to provide a structured and peaceful means for resolving labor disputes and protecting workers' rights.

Structure

The NLRB is headed by a five-member board appointed by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the Senate. Board members serve staggered five-year terms. The agency also has a General Counsel, appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate for a four-year term, who is responsible for investigating and prosecuting unfair labor practice cases.

The NLRB operates through its headquarters in Washington, D.C., and regional offices across the country. These offices conduct elections to determine union representation and investigate charges of unfair labor practices.

Functions

The primary functions of the NLRB include:

• Conducting elections for labor union representation
• Investigating and remedying unfair labor practices by employers or unions
• Facilitating the process of collective bargaining
• Issuing decisions on labor-related disputes

Key Provisions of the NLRA

The NLRA, which established the NLRB, includes several key provisions:

• Section 7 guarantees employees the right to organize, join unions, bargain collectively, and engage in other concerted activities for mutual aid or protection.
• Section 8 defines unfair labor practices, prohibiting employers and unions from engaging in certain conduct that interferes with these rights.
• Section 9 establishes the process for union representation and collective bargaining units.

Impact

The NLRB has played a crucial role in shaping the landscape of labor relations in the United States. Its decisions and actions have helped to define the balance of power between employers, employees, and unions. The agency's work has contributed to the establishment of standards and precedents in labor law, influencing workplace policies and practices across the nation.

Controversies and Challenges

The NLRB has faced criticism and challenges from various quarters over the years. Employers and business groups have sometimes accused the agency of being biased in favor of unions, while unions and labor advocates have at times argued that the NLRB does not do enough to protect workers' rights. Political shifts have also influenced the agency's priorities and decisions, reflecting broader debates over labor policy in the United States.

See Also

• Labor unions in the United States
• Collective bargaining
• Unfair labor practice
• Strike action