Natural immunity

Natural Immunity is a form of immunity that is inherent and non-specific, which provides a general defense against harmful pathogens. It is also known as innate immunity and is present in an individual from birth.

Overview

Natural immunity is the first line of defense in the immune system. It includes physical barriers like the skin and mucous membranes, as well as internal defenses like white blood cells and the inflammatory response. This type of immunity is non-specific, meaning it does not target specific pathogens. Instead, it responds to all pathogens in the same way.

Components of Natural Immunity

Physical Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes act as physical barriers, preventing pathogens from entering the body. The skin is the largest organ of the body and serves as a physical barrier to pathogens. Mucous membranes, found in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, trap pathogens and prevent them from further entering the body.

Cellular Defenses

Natural immunity also includes cellular defenses such as neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells. These cells are part of the white blood cell population and play a crucial role in identifying, attacking, and eliminating pathogens.

Inflammatory Response

The inflammatory response is another component of natural immunity. When tissues are damaged, the body responds by increasing blood flow to the area, which brings more white blood cells to fight off any potential pathogens.

Natural Immunity vs. Acquired Immunity

While natural immunity provides immediate, non-specific defense against pathogens, acquired immunity is a specific response to a particular pathogen. Acquired immunity develops over time, either through exposure to pathogens or through vaccination.

See Also

• Immune System
• Acquired Immunity
• White Blood Cells
• Inflammation