Navarre

Navarra in Spain (including Canarias)

Coins of Arsaos in Navarre Spain 150BCE 100BCE Roman stylistic influence

castillo javier

Les carlistes, battus à Montejurra, transportent leurs blessés à l'hôpital d'Irache, de Vierge

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Navarre (Navarra in Spanish, Nafarroa in Basque) is a community and province in northern Spain. It is bordered by the Basque Country to the north, La Rioja to the south, Aragon to the east, and the Autonomous Community of Castile and León to the west. Its capital is the city of Pamplona, famous for the annual San Fermín festival, which features the running of the bulls.

History

Navarre has a rich history that dates back to the Roman Empire, when it was part of the province of Hispania. In the Middle Ages, it emerged as an independent kingdom, playing a significant role in the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule. The Kingdom of Navarre had varying borders over the centuries, at times extending into what is now southern France.

In 1512, the larger part of Navarre was conquered by the Kingdom of Castile, leading to its incorporation into the Spanish Crown, while the northern part remained independent but eventually became part of France. Despite this division, Navarre retained a degree of autonomy within Spain, which has evolved over the centuries. Today, it is recognized as a chartered community, with its own parliament and government, exercising self-governance in various areas, including health and education.

Geography

Navarre is characterized by its diverse geography, ranging from the Pyrenees mountains in the north, which form a natural border with France, to the Ebro river valley in the south. This diversity results in a variety of climates within the region, from alpine in the Pyrenees to Mediterranean in the Ebro valley. The region is also home to the Bardenas Reales, a semi-desert natural region that has been designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO.

Economy

The economy of Navarre is one of the most prosperous in Spain, with a high per capita income and a strong industrial sector. Renewable energy, particularly wind power, plays a significant role in its economy, making Navarre a leader in renewable energy production in Spain. The region also has a robust agricultural sector, with wine production being particularly noteworthy.

Culture

Navarre has a rich cultural heritage that reflects its unique history and geographical location. It is home to a bilingual population, with Spanish and Basque being commonly spoken, especially in the northern areas. The region's cuisine is renowned for its diversity and quality, featuring a mix of Basque and Spanish influences.

The San Fermín festival in Pamplona, held annually in July, is Navarre's most internationally recognized event, attracting thousands of visitors from around the world. The festival, immortalized by Ernest Hemingway in his novel "The Sun Also Rises," features the famous running of the bulls, along with music, dancing, and traditional celebrations.

Government and Politics

Navarre is governed as a chartered community within Spain, with its own parliament, the Parliament of Navarre, which is responsible for local legislation. The community enjoys a high degree of autonomy, with its own police force and control over education and health services. The President of Navarre heads the regional government, executing laws passed by the Parliament and managing the day-to-day affairs of the community.

Conclusion

Navarre is a region with a distinct identity, shaped by its history, geography, and cultural diversity. Its blend of traditions, combined with a strong economy and self-governance, make it a unique and integral part of Spain's national fabric.