Neanderthal anatomy

Neanderthal Anatomy refers to the physical characteristics and traits of the Neanderthal, an extinct species of archaic humans that lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. The Neanderthal anatomy is distinct from that of modern humans in several respects, including a more robust build and distinctive morphological features in the skull and postcranial skeleton.

Skull

The Neanderthal skull is typically more elongated and larger than that of modern humans, with a more pronounced brow ridge and a lack of a prominent chin. The braincase of Neanderthals was also larger than that of modern humans, suggesting a larger brain size.

Postcranial Skeleton

The postcranial skeleton of Neanderthals was robust, with a wide pelvis and barrel-shaped chest. The limb bones were thick and strong, indicative of a physically demanding lifestyle. Neanderthals also had shorter limbs compared to modern humans, which is thought to be an adaptation to cold climates.

Dentition

Neanderthal dentition was also distinct, with larger front teeth and a unique wear pattern suggesting that they used their teeth as a third hand for holding objects.

Musculature

Neanderthals had a more robust musculature than modern humans, with particularly strong arm and leg muscles. This is thought to be an adaptation to their physically demanding lifestyle and cold environment.

Genetic Traits

Studies of Neanderthal DNA have revealed that they had a number of distinct genetic traits, some of which are still present in modern humans of non-African descent due to interbreeding between Neanderthals and early modern humans.

See Also

• Human evolution
• Human anatomy
• Homo sapiens