Neoshamanism

Neoshamanism refers to a range of spiritual practices that seek to incorporate and adapt traditional shamanism to contemporary life. Unlike classical shamanism, which is deeply rooted in the specific cultural and spiritual traditions of indigenous peoples, Neoshamanism draws upon these ancient practices in a more eclectic and often Westernized manner. It emphasizes personal spiritual growth, healing, and a connection to nature, often incorporating elements from various shamanic traditions around the world.

Origins and Development

The term "Neoshamanism" was popularized in the late 20th century, as interest in indigenous spiritual practices grew among people in Western societies. This interest was partly spurred by anthropological studies and travel accounts detailing shamanic rituals and beliefs. Key figures such as Michael Harner, who founded the Foundation for Shamanic Studies, played a significant role in introducing shamanic practices to a Western audience. Harner's work, particularly his book "The Way of the Shaman," advocated for a "core shamanism" – a set of techniques and beliefs distilled from various shamanic cultures that could be applied universally.

Practices

Neoshamanic practices vary widely but often include journeying to other worlds or dimensions, communicating with spirit guides or animal totems, and performing rituals for healing and personal transformation. These practices are typically undertaken in a trance state, which practitioners often enter through drumming, dancing, or the use of entheogens.

Journeying

One of the central practices in Neoshamanism is the shamanic journey. Practitioners believe they can enter altered states of consciousness, allowing their spirit or consciousness to travel to other realms. These journeys are often undertaken for purposes such as healing, seeking wisdom, or communicating with spirits.

Healing

Healing is a significant aspect of Neoshamanism, with practitioners often working to heal both physical and emotional ailments. Techniques may include soul retrieval, where the shaman journeys to recover lost parts of a person's soul, and extraction, where harmful spiritual entities or energies are removed.

Criticism and Controversy

Neoshamanism has faced criticism from several quarters. Some indigenous practitioners and scholars argue that it constitutes cultural appropriation, as it often borrows selectively from various cultures without a deep understanding of or respect for the original contexts and meanings. Critics also point out the commercialization of shamanic practices, with workshops and courses being marketed to affluent Western audiences.

Conclusion

Neoshamanism represents a contemporary approach to ancient spiritual practices, adapting them to the needs and sensibilities of modern practitioners. While it has been embraced by many as a path to personal growth and healing, it also raises complex questions about cultural sensitivity, authenticity, and the commodification of spirituality.