Neospora

Neospora
Neospora caninum
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Neosporosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Neospora caninum. It primarily affects cattle and dogs, leading to significant economic losses in the livestock industry.

Etiology

Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite closely related to Toxoplasma gondii. It is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect a wide range of mammalian hosts.

Transmission

The primary mode of transmission in cattle is vertical, from dam to fetus during pregnancy. Dogs, the definitive hosts, can shed oocysts in their feces, which can contaminate food and water sources, leading to horizontal transmission.

Clinical Signs

In cattle, neosporosis is a major cause of abortion, particularly in the second trimester. In dogs, it can cause neurological disorders, muscle atrophy, and paralysis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of neosporosis can be achieved through serological tests such as ELISA and indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing can also be used to detect N. caninum DNA in tissues.

Treatment

There is no definitive cure for neosporosis, but antiprotozoal drugs such as clindamycin and sulfadiazine may help reduce symptoms in dogs. In cattle, management focuses on preventing transmission.

Prevention

Preventive measures include maintaining strict biosecurity to prevent contamination of feed and water with dog feces, and managing breeding to avoid transmission from infected dams to offspring.

See Also

• Toxoplasmosis
• Coccidiosis
• Zoonosis

External Links

• CDC - Neosporosis
• Merck Veterinary Manual - Neosporosis