Neurolysin

Neurolysin is a type of enzyme that is encoded in humans by the NLN gene. It is a member of the M3 metallopeptidases family, which are enzymes that use a metal ion in their catalytic mechanism. Neurolysin is found in various tissues in the body, but is particularly concentrated in the brain and nervous system.

Function

Neurolysin is involved in the degradation of neuropeptides, small protein-like molecules used by neurons to communicate with each other. It is particularly involved in the breakdown of bradykinin, a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate, and neurotensin, a neuropeptide that functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the function of neurolysin have been implicated in a number of neurological disorders. For example, decreased activity of neurolysin has been associated with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, mutations in the NLN gene have been linked to mental retardation.

Research

Research into neurolysin has focused on its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of neurological disorders. Inhibitors of neurolysin, for example, could potentially be used to increase the levels of beneficial neuropeptides in the brain.

See also

• Peptidase
• Neuropeptide
• Neurotransmitter