Neurosteroids

Neurosteroids are a subclass of steroids synthesized in the brain, independent of peripheral steroidogenic sources such as the adrenal glands or gonads. They have potent effects on neuronal excitability, inflammation, and cell survival. Neurosteroids have a wide range of potential clinical applications from sedation to treatment of epilepsy and traumatic brain injury.

Synthesis

Neurosteroids are synthesized from cholesterol in the mitochondria of glial cells or neurons. The rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synthesis is the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone, catalyzed by the enzyme P450scc. Pregnenolone is then converted to progesterone that in turn is converted into allopregnanolone and tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone.

Functions

Neurosteroids have a broad range of functions in the brain, including modulation of GABA and NMDA receptors, anti-inflammatory effects, and promotion of neurogenesis. They are also involved in various physiological processes, including stress response, behavior, and mood.

Clinical significance

Due to their potent effects on neuronal excitability, neurosteroids have been investigated for their potential use in the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as epilepsy, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and neurodegenerative diseases.

See also

• Steroid
• Neuroscience
• Neuroendocrinology

References

Neurosteroids Resources
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