Newfoundland (island)

Newfoundland is a large island located off the east coast of the North American mainland, and is the world's 16th largest island. It is part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, with the island of Newfoundland making up 92% of the province's total land area.

Geography

Newfoundland is separated from the Labrador Peninsula by the Strait of Belle Isle and from Cape Breton Island by the Cabot Strait. It blocks the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River, creating the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, the world's largest estuary. Newfoundland's nearest neighbour is the small French overseas community of Saint Pierre and Miquelon.

The island of Newfoundland has an area of 108,860 square kilometers. The provincial capital, St. John's, is located on the southeastern coast of the island. Other notable towns include Gander, Grand Falls-Windsor, and Corner Brook.

History

The island of Newfoundland has a rich history dating back 5000 years with the Maritime Archaic people. It was later inhabited by the Beothuk and Mi'kmaq tribes. The island was discovered by the Icelandic Viking Leif Erikson in the 11th century, who called the new land "Vinland". The first European to rediscover Newfoundland was Italian explorer John Cabot in 1497, commissioned by King Henry VII of England.

Economy

The economy of Newfoundland is largely defined by the fishing industry, particularly cod fishing, although this has been in decline in recent years due to overfishing. Other important industries include mining, oil production, and tourism.

Culture

Newfoundland is known for its unique culture, which has been shaped by its history and geography. The island is renowned for its music, folklore, and dialects. The Newfoundland dialect is a variant of English that has been significantly influenced by Irish, Scottish, and other European settlers.

Flora and Fauna

Newfoundland is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. The island's dense forests are home to moose, black bears, and numerous bird species. The surrounding waters are rich with marine life, including whales, seals, and numerous species of fish.

See Also

• History of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Geography of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Economy of Newfoundland and Labrador
• Culture of Newfoundland and Labrador

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