Nidogen-2

Nidogen-2 (also known as entactin-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NID2 gene. It is a member of the nidogen family of basement membrane proteins, playing a crucial role in the structure and function of the basement membrane, a specialized form of extracellular matrix. Nidogen-2, together with Nidogen-1, serves as a bridge linking the collagen IV and laminin networks, thus contributing to the integrity and stability of the basement membrane.

Structure[edit | edit source]

Nidogen-2 is a sulfated glycoprotein that shares a similar domain structure with Nidogen-1, including a series of globular domains (G1-G3) connected by rod-like elements. The G3 domain is responsible for the interaction with laminin, whereas the G2 domain mediates the binding to collagen IV. Despite their structural similarities, Nidogen-1 and Nidogen-2 have distinct binding affinities and are not functionally redundant.

Function[edit | edit source]

The primary function of Nidogen-2 is to contribute to the assembly and stability of the basement membrane, which provides support and anchorage to epithelial and endothelial cells. It plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including cell differentiation, migration, and filtration. Nidogen-2 is also involved in tissue repair and angiogenesis. Its interaction with other basement membrane components ensures the structural integrity necessary for tissue function and organ cohesion.

Genetics[edit | edit source]

The NID2 gene is located on human chromosome 14q22-q24. Mutations in this gene have not been prominently linked to human diseases, which suggests that there might be compensatory mechanisms, possibly through Nidogen-1, that mitigate the impact of Nidogen-2 deficiency. However, the precise genetic regulation and expression patterns of Nidogen-2 in various tissues and developmental stages require further investigation.

Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]

While direct associations between Nidogen-2 mutations and specific diseases are rare, changes in Nidogen-2 expression have been observed in certain pathological conditions. For instance, altered levels of Nidogen-2 have been reported in various types of cancer, where it may influence tumor progression and metastasis. Additionally, Nidogen-2 has been studied in the context of fibrosis and other diseases characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix deposition or remodeling.

Research Directions[edit | edit source]

Ongoing research aims to elucidate the detailed mechanisms by which Nidogen-2 contributes to basement membrane function and integrity. Studies are also exploring the potential of Nidogen-2 as a biomarker for certain diseases and its therapeutic implications, particularly in cancer and fibrotic diseases.