Nigella

Nigella damascena Dark Blue

Nigella ciliaris 01

Nigella ciliaris 02

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Jungfer im Grünen (Nigella damascena) Samenkapseln-20220613-RM-175240

Nigella seeds

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Smithsoniangardens7

Nigella is a genus of flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae, native to southern Europe, north Africa, south and southwest Asia. The genus contains about 18 species, among which Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin or black seed, is the most well-known due to its culinary and medicinal uses. The plants in this genus are commonly referred to as nigella, love-in-a-mist, or devil in the bush, owing to their intricate flower structure and the misty appearance created by their fine, thread-like leaves.

Description

Nigella species are annual plants growing 20–90 cm tall, with finely divided leaves; the leaf segments are narrowly linear to threadlike. The flowers are delicate, and usually colored pale blue and white, with five to ten petals. The fruit is a large and inflated capsule composed of several united follicles, each containing numerous seeds.

Cultivation and Uses

Nigella species are grown in gardens for their ornamental flowers, interesting seed pods, and foliage. They prefer full sun and well-drained soil. They are also used in dried flower arrangements.

Nigella sativa is especially significant for its black seeds, which are used as a spice in various cuisines and have a slightly bitter taste. These seeds are often used in Middle Eastern and South Asian cooking, sprinkled on flatbreads, added to curries, or used to flavor oils.

Medicinal Uses

The seeds of Nigella sativa have been used for thousands of years in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa as a natural remedy for various ailments. They are believed to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. The oil extracted from these seeds is also used in traditional medicine practices for its supposed health benefits, including boosting the immune system, reducing inflammation, and aiding in digestion.

Species

Some notable species within the genus Nigella include:

• Nigella arvensis – Field nigella
• Nigella damascena – Love-in-a-mist, a popular garden plant with decorative flowers
• Nigella sativa – Black cumin or black seed, known for its medicinal and culinary uses
• Nigella integrifolia
• Nigella hispanica

In Culture

Nigella, especially Nigella damascena, has been a symbol of intricacy and beauty in gardens and has inspired various cultural references due to its unique appearance. The name "love-in-a-mist" aptly describes the ethereal quality of the flowers, surrounded by a mist of fine foliage.

Conservation

While many species of Nigella are cultivated widely and not considered at risk, the natural habitats of some species may be threatened by environmental changes and habitat destruction. Conservation efforts are important to preserve the diversity of this genus in the wild.