Nitrofen

Nitrofen is a herbicide that was first introduced in the 1960s by Rohm and Haas. It is a phenyl ether compound that is used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in a variety of crops, including rice, soybeans, and wheat. Nitrofen is known for its high toxicity and potential for causing birth defects and cancer.

Chemical Properties[edit | edit source]

Nitrofen is a yellowish-brown crystalline solid with a slight phenolic odor. It is slightly soluble in water and readily soluble in most organic solvents. The chemical formula for nitrofen is C12H7Cl2NO3.

Uses[edit | edit source]

Nitrofen is primarily used as a pre-emergence herbicide for the control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in rice, soybeans, and wheat. It is applied to the soil surface and is absorbed by the roots and shoots of emerging weed seedlings.

Health Effects[edit | edit source]

Exposure to nitrofen can cause a variety of health effects. Acute exposure can cause skin and eye irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Chronic exposure can lead to liver and kidney damage, birth defects, and cancer. Nitrofen is classified as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Environmental Impact[edit | edit source]

Nitrofen is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and can cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. It is also toxic to birds and bees. Nitrofen can persist in the soil for up to two years, posing a risk to non-target plants and wildlife.

Regulation[edit | edit source]

Due to its high toxicity and potential for causing birth defects and cancer, the use of nitrofen has been banned in many countries, including the United States and the European Union.