Nixtamalization

Nixtamalization is a process that was developed in Mesoamerica, likely around 1500-1200 BC. It involves soaking and cooking corn (maize) in an alkaline solution, usually limewater, and then washing it. This process has several benefits, including increasing the nutritional value of corn, improving its flavor and aroma, and making it easier to grind.

History

The process of nixtamalization was developed in Mesoamerica, where corn is a staple food. The exact time of its development is not known, but it is believed to have been around 1500-1200 BC. The word "nixtamalization" comes from the Nahuatl word "nextli", meaning ashes, and "tamalli", meaning corn dough.

Process

Nixtamalization involves soaking and cooking corn in an alkaline solution, usually limewater. The corn is then washed and hulled. This process can take several hours to complete.

The alkaline solution helps to break down the hemicellulose, the glue-like substance that holds the corn kernels together. This makes the corn easier to grind and also changes its nutritional profile.

Benefits

Nixtamalization has several benefits. It increases the nutritional value of corn by making the niacin (vitamin B3) in it more available for absorption by the body. This is important because a diet that relies heavily on untreated corn can lead to a deficiency in niacin, which can cause the disease pellagra.

The process also improves the flavor and aroma of the corn, and makes it easier to grind, which is important for making foods like tortillas and tamales.

Modern use

Today, nixtamalization is still used in Mexico and Central America, as well as in parts of South America. It is also used in the production of corn-based products like tortillas and corn chips in other parts of the world.

In addition to its traditional uses, nixtamalization has also been studied for its potential to reduce the levels of mycotoxins in corn, which can be harmful to health.

See also

• Maize
• Mesoamerica
• Tortilla
• Tamale