Nkisi

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WLA metmuseum Power Figure Male Nkisi

Nkisi

Nkisi (plural: Minkisi) are spiritual objects used by the Bakongo people of the Congo Basin. These objects are believed to be inhabited by spirits or contain spiritual power. The term nkisi is derived from the Kikongo word for "sacred medicine" or "spirit."

Types of Nkisi

There are various types of minkisi, each serving different purposes. Some common types include:

• Nkisi Nkondi: These are aggressive hunter figures used to hunt down wrongdoers, witches, or thieves. They are often depicted with nails or blades driven into them.
• Nkisi Kozo: These are twin figures that represent the duality of life and death, often used in healing rituals.
• Nkisi Mangaaka: These are large, imposing figures that serve as protectors of communities and are often placed at village entrances.

Construction and Materials

Minkisi are typically made from a variety of materials, including wood, clay, cloth, and metal. They are often adorned with sacred substances such as herbs, animal parts, and minerals. The spiritual power of a nkisi is believed to be activated through rituals performed by a nganga (spiritual healer or priest).

Ritual Use

The nganga plays a crucial role in the creation and activation of minkisi. They perform rituals that involve chanting, drumming, and the use of sacred substances to invoke the spirits. Once activated, minkisi are used for various purposes, including healing, protection, and divination.

Cultural Significance

Minkisi hold significant cultural and spiritual importance among the Bakongo people. They are not only seen as spiritual tools but also as works of art that reflect the beliefs and values of the community. The use of minkisi has also influenced other African diaspora religions, such as Vodou and Santería.

Modern Context

In contemporary times, minkisi continue to be used in traditional practices, although their role has evolved. They are also studied by anthropologists and art historians for their cultural and artistic significance. Additionally, minkisi have found a place in modern art and are displayed in museums around the world.

See Also

• Bakongo
• Nganga
• Vodou
• Santería
• African art