Nonmetal (chemistry)

Nonmetals are a group of elements in the Periodic Table that display certain properties which distinguish them from metals. They are located on the right side of the periodic table, and are divided into two categories: reactive nonmetals, which form acidic oxides, and noble gases, which are largely inert.

Characteristics

Nonmetals have a variety of physical and chemical properties. Physically, they are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity, and tend to be brittle when solid. Chemically, they usually have high ionization energies and electronegativities, and gain electrons to form negative ions in reactions.

Reactive Nonmetals

Reactive nonmetals are a group of nonmetal elements from groups 14-16 of the periodic table. They are characterized by their ability to form acidic oxides and their tendency to gain electrons in chemical reactions. Examples include oxygen, sulfur, and chlorine.

Noble Gases

Noble gases are a group of nonmetal elements from group 18 of the periodic table. They are characterized by their full valence electron shells, which make them largely inert. Examples include helium, neon, and argon.

Uses

Nonmetals have a wide range of uses in various industries. For example, oxygen is used in the process of combustion, chlorine is used in water treatment, and noble gases are used in lighting and lasers.

See Also

• Metal
• Metalloid
• Periodic Table