Nonresistance

Portrait Gandhi

Burial Site of Indian Martyrs

Nonresistance is a principle in Christianity that advocates for not resisting anyone who is evil. It is most famously articulated in the Sermon on the Mount by Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew (5:39), where Jesus instructs his followers to "turn the other cheek" rather than retaliate against wrongdoing. This concept has been influential in the development of various Christian denominations and movements that emphasize pacifism and the rejection of violence, including the Anabaptists, Quakers, and certain Mennonite groups.

Biblical Foundation

The principle of nonresistance is rooted in several passages of the New Testament, most notably in the Sermon on the Mount. In Matthew 5:38-42, Jesus outlines a series of responses to personal injury or injustice that reject retaliation. This teaching challenges the traditional understanding of "an eye for an eye" from the Old Testament, suggesting a radical form of love and forgiveness towards one's enemies.

Historical Development

Throughout history, the concept of nonresistance has been interpreted and applied in various ways by Christian groups. Early Christians in the first few centuries after Christ were known for their pacifist stance, refusing to participate in military service. This position changed as Christianity became more integrated with the state under the Roman Empire.

During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anabaptist movement revived the principle of nonresistance as part of their radical approach to Christianity. They advocated for a separation from state affairs and a commitment to living out the teachings of Jesus, including nonviolence. This stance often put them at odds with both Catholic and Protestant authorities.

In the modern era, figures such as Leo Tolstoy have been influential in promoting nonresistance through their writings. Tolstoy's interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount led him to advocate for a form of Christian anarchism that rejects all forms of violence. His ideas would later influence Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr., who applied the principles of nonviolence to social and political activism.

Criticism and Challenges

The principle of nonresistance has faced criticism and challenges both from within and outside Christian communities. Some argue that it is impractical or irresponsible in the face of injustice and oppression. Others contend that there are circumstances where the use of force is necessary to protect the innocent or to achieve a greater good.

Despite these challenges, proponents of nonresistance maintain that it represents the most faithful adherence to the teachings of Jesus. They argue that nonviolence opens up creative and effective ways to address conflict and injustice without resorting to the cycle of retaliation.

Contemporary Relevance

In contemporary times, the principle of nonresistance continues to inspire individuals and movements committed to peace and nonviolence. It is seen not only as a personal ethic but also as a strategy for social change that seeks to transform relationships and societies.