Ocimum basilicum var. minimum

Basilikos

Ocimum basilicum var. minimum, commonly known as sweet basil or Greek basil, is a variety of Ocimum basilicum (basil) that is widely cultivated for its aromatic leaves. The plant is used in a variety of culinary traditions around the world and is particularly noted for its role in Mediterranean cuisine. Unlike its larger-leaved cousin, sweet basil has smaller, more compact leaves and a somewhat milder flavor, making it a preferred variety for certain dishes and garnishes.

Description

Ocimum basilicum var. minimum is a small, bushy plant that grows to a height of 30-45 cm (12-18 inches). It has oval, slightly serrated leaves that are much smaller than those of the more common basil varieties. The leaves are bright green in color and have a sweet, slightly peppery flavor that is less intense than that of larger-leaved basils. The plant produces small, white flowers in late summer to early fall, which are also edible and have a mild basil flavor.

Cultivation

Sweet basil prefers warm, tropical climates but can be grown in temperate regions during the warmer months. It requires well-drained soil and full sun to thrive. The plant is sensitive to cold and will not survive frost. In cooler climates, it can be grown indoors or in a greenhouse during the winter months. Regular pruning of the plant encourages bushier growth and prevents it from flowering, which can cause the leaves to become bitter.

Culinary Uses

The leaves of Ocimum basilicum var. minimum are widely used in cooking, both fresh and dried. They are a key ingredient in pesto, a green sauce originating from Genoa, Italy, and are also used in salads, soups, and as a garnish. The mild, sweet flavor of sweet basil makes it particularly suitable for use in desserts and beverages, such as basil-infused lemonade or ice cream.

Medicinal Uses

Like other varieties of basil, sweet basil is believed to have medicinal properties. It has been used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments, including stomach spasms, kidney conditions, and insect bites. However, scientific evidence supporting these uses is limited.

Varieties

There are several cultivars of Ocimum basilicum var. minimum, each with its own unique flavor and growth characteristics. Some popular cultivars include 'Spicy Globe', 'Boxwood', and 'Green Globe', which are prized for their compact growth habit and suitability for container gardening.

Conservation

While Ocimum basilicum var. minimum is not considered endangered, the preservation of heirloom varieties is important for maintaining genetic diversity and culinary heritage. Seed saving and exchange programs play a vital role in the conservation of these and other traditional plant varieties.