Ononis

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Ononis arvensis

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Ononis natrix0

Ononis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, commonly known as restharrow. The genus is native to Europe, North Africa, and the western parts of Asia. It comprises perennial and annual herbs and shrubs known for their distinctive pea-like flowers and tough, woody roots, which can make them difficult to eradicate once established, hence the common name "restharrow". The roots of some species were historically used to create a barrier or "harrow" to rest or stop animals.

Description

Members of the Ononis genus display a wide range of growth forms, from creeping groundcovers to erect shrubs. The leaves are typically trifoliate, resembling those of clovers, with small stipules at the base. The flowers are borne singly or in small clusters, featuring colors from pink to purple, and occasionally white or yellow. The fruit is a small legume, containing several seeds.

Ecology

Ononis species are found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, roadsides, and sandy soils. They are well-adapted to dry, nutrient-poor conditions, thanks to their deep and extensive root systems. These plants are important for biodiversity, providing nectar and pollen for a variety of pollinators, including bees and butterflies.

Uses

Historically, Ononis species have had several uses. The roots of some species, such as Ononis spinosa, were used in traditional medicine for their diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties. The tough roots were also used to make brooms and brushes. In agriculture, Ononis species can be a nuisance due to their tough roots, which can interfere with plowing.

Species

There are over 70 species in the Ononis genus, including:

• Ononis spinosa - Spiny restharrow
• Ononis natrix - Yellow restharrow
• Ononis repens - Creeping restharrow

Conservation

While many Ononis species are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and intensive agriculture have led to declines in some areas. Conservation efforts are focused on preserving natural habitats and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Gallery

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See Also

• Fabaceae
• Legume
• Flora of Europe