Ophthalmic surgery

Ophthalmic surgery

Ophthalmic surgery, also known as ocular surgery, is the specialty of medicine that deals with the surgical treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye and its associated structures. The goal of ophthalmic surgery is to correct or improve vision and to treat eye diseases.

Types of Ophthalmic Surgery

Ophthalmic surgery includes a variety of procedures, each tailored for specific eye conditions or diseases. Major types include:

• Cataract surgery - This involves the removal of the eye's natural lens when it has become opaque, usually due to a cataract, and replacing it with an artificial lens.
• Glaucoma surgery - These procedures aim to reduce intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to loss of vision.
• Refractive surgery - Including procedures like LASIK, which corrects refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.
• Retinal surgery - This includes procedures to treat retinal detachments, macular holes, and complications related to diabetic retinopathy.
• Corneal surgery - Including corneal transplantation and procedures to treat corneal dystrophies or infections.
• Oculoplastic surgery - This involves reconstruction of the eye and its surrounding structures for both functional and cosmetic purposes.

Techniques

Ophthalmic surgery can be performed using various techniques, depending on the specific condition and the surgeon's expertise:

• Laser surgery - Utilizes light beams to make precise cuts or to dissolve tissues.
• Microsurgery - Involves the use of microscopes and miniature instruments to perform intricate surgeries, particularly in areas like the retina.
• Phacoemulsification - A modern technique primarily used in cataract surgery where the lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpiece and aspirated from the eye.

Risks and Complications

Like all surgeries, ophthalmic surgeries carry risks. Common complications can include infection, bleeding, inflammation, and changes in eye pressure. More severe risks might involve loss of vision or the need for additional surgeries.

Recovery

Recovery from ophthalmic surgery varies depending on the procedure and the individual patient. Most patients will require a period of rest and will be prescribed medications to aid healing and prevent infection. Follow-up visits are crucial to monitor the healing process and to evaluate the success of the surgery.

See Also

• Eye examination
• Optometry
• Visual acuity